Protecting
Protecting
The mission of the Lower San Pedro Watershed Alliance is to protect the ecological integrity and associated indigenous cultural heritage of the lower San Pedro region of Arizona, primarily through voluntary and effective actions by local citizens.
Due to rapid growth in Arizona's Sun Corridor, the San Pedro River is the last remaining major natural and intact river ecosystem in southern Arizona. As a result of its rich biodiversity, the lower San Pedro watershed has become the default repository for the mitigation of adverse ecological impacts caused in other parts of the state by such rapid growth.
The stunning Aravaipa Canyon is a San Pedro River tributary whose water flow is threatened by industrial development. The Canyon is also a cultural legacy site of the Apache Tribe and Tohono o'Odham Nation. © EcoFlight
On Tuesday, August 25, LSPWA hosted a public workshop at the Mammoth Community Center, featuring regional hydrologist Laurel Lacher and water-planning specialist Garland Speight. Their presentations focused on different hydrology aspects, as well as the possible impacts of the extensive water extraction needed to support the major copper-mining and other industrial projects under proposal. Click below for a summary of findings, as well as to watch the presentations and public Q&A session that followed.
Map of Energy Transfer's proposed Desert Southwest Pipeline. (Download PDF )
Concerned about damage from a 48-inch Gas Line coming through the Middle and Lower San Pedro River Valley, and crossing over nearby Oracle State Park, with an ominous 10-inch lateral line planned for San Manuel?
The 7B Ranch Mesquite Bosque, on the banks of the San Pedro in Mammoth, glimmers like a jewel against the surrounding desert. © EcoFlight, 3/31/2026.
Members of LSPWA understand how incredibly unique the Lower San Pedro River is … and why, as the last free-flowing river in the southwest, it is worth protecting. Of deep concern has been the fact the watershed and surrounding hydrology of the adjacent Galiuro Mountains remain largely unstudied. That can all change—with your involvement and generous help.
Across the nation, volunteers are gathering the "baseline" data that scientists need to protect our waterways and lands—especially in overlooked rural communities. LSPWA is working with a group of nonprofit and agency partners who will train, support and assist our community-science programs that include monitoring well depth; water contamination and air quality studies; camera-trapping; and mapping the San Pedro’s wet-dry stretches. Become involved in our efforts to develop the Lower San Pedro Watershed's very first Regional-Scale Groundwater Model—a critical component in our legal fight to preserve our beloved river and the unique wild bio-habitats that it sustains.
LSPWA is soliciting proposals from qualified hydrologists to describe MIKE SHE hydrological modeling that has previously been performed in the Lower San Pedro watershed, including underlying assumptions, descriptions of regional geology, and anticipated impacts from regional development. Submission deadline: July 17.
A rare Mexican Spotted Owl, caught at night on a camera trap set up on Copper Creek.
The Lower San Pedro Watershed Alliance is participating with the Center for Biological Diversity and the San Carlos Apache Tribe in issuing a Notice of Intent (NOI) to sue the US Bureau of Land Management and the US Fish & Wildlife Service, for their failure to protect the imperiled Mexican Spotted Owl from the depredations of the Copper Creek Exploration Project in Mammoth, Arizona.
This view from the tailings facility at San Manuel – which will soon be part of Faraday’s holdings – illustrates the vibrancy of the adjacent riparian area that, for 20+ years, has been a site of partnership between BHP and scientists for biological study. Photo: BHP LinkedIn
In June of 2025—despite heavy public opposition—the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) approved Redhawk/Faraday Copper’s mining-exploration project on Copper Creek, an upslope tributary of the San Pedro River located in the Galiuro Mountains, in Mammoth. Not only has BLM given the green light to round-the-clock industrial operations with no meaningful oversight, it has set the stage for a future large-scale mining operation that threatens to deplete local water sources and irreparably harm one of Arizona's last—and most unique—desert-river bio-habitats.
At the same time, Faraday is in the process of acquiring the San Manuel Mine site from the Australian multinational BHP, whose 27,000 acres are slated to be combined with the Copper Creek project to create a multi-generational copper “complex.” As Faraday has thus far failed to make its future plans known to the public, we are working as a matter of urgency to unearth whatever information we can.
Learn more about Faraday's impending acquisition of the BHP property and the questions it poses.
Review our appeal letter to the Arizona State Director of the Bureau of Land Management regarding the recent approval of 67 exploration sites at Copper Creek by Redhawk/Faraday Copper.
Read the joint appeal letter written by the San Carlos Apache Tribe and Center for Biological Diversity onto which we and other partner organizations signed.
Read our response and our partners' separate responses to the BLM Environmental Assessment of the Faraday-Redhawk Project.
Friday, August 28
5.30 PM carpool from 7B Nature Trail Parking Area
Join Jennie MacFarland from the Tucson Bird Alliance to watch the daily evening gathering of Desert Purple Martins along River Road. These birds are very social and often gather on the powerlines along River Road between the saguaro desert habitat and the San Pedro River. Jennie will talk about why these birds are so special and unique to the area. Just before sunset, the Desert Purple Martins should fly off as a group and head down to the San Pedro River channel to roost for the night. We will meet at the 7B Nature Trail Parking Area at 5.30 PM and carpool to the gathering site.
Be sure to sign up early as participation is limited. To register and learn more, click the below link or scan the QR code.
Co-hosted by LSPWA and the Tucson Bird Alliance.
A Salt River Project manager demonstrates water-monitoring techniques during a citizen-science training hosted by Friends of Sonoita Creek.
LSPWA members have been deeply engaged in forging the community and partner bonds, public education and outreach that underpins our ability as an organization to defend the Lower San Pedro River Watershed from large-scale industrial depredations. Over the past year, our involvements have included, among other things:
Joining with partners to oppose the proposal of irresponsible and environmentally destructive policies
Building stakeholder appreciation for the magnificent beauty and environmental significance of the Lower San Pedro Valley
Learning more about successful community-science and riparian-mitigation efforts that we will mirror as part of our Regional-Scale Groundwater Modelling Initiative
Standing up for community representation at major university conferences on mining and water usage
Find out how LSPWA is challenging industrial threats to the survival of the San Pedro River Valley, in the effort to conserve this crucial desert waterway.
Be sure to catch our Arizona Republic front-page story, Fast-track Mine Review put Arizona Owl Habitat at Risk, Advocates Say...
Catch up on the headlines addressing critical Arizona water & mining concerns...
Join us as we work hand in hand with our key strategic partners and advisors to ensure that Arizona's last free-flowing river and most unique bio-habitat is preserved for current and future generations.
The San Pedro corridor has become the most important north-south migratory bird flyway within Arizona. The lower San Pedro watershed also harbors one of the richest remaining fish, reptile, amphibian, and mammalian habitats in the nation, and is the key to protecting several threatened and endangered species.
Because words are insufficient, please enjoy this short video. In it, you can clearly see that this stunning ecosystem—and the plants, animals, and landforms that comprise it—make a compelling case for conservation.
Canadian-owned Pattern Energy Corporation ignored the existence of low-impact alternatives and started building the haphazardly-planned SunZia Transmission Project through 33 miles of the most remote and ecologically sensitive portion of the San Pedro Valley. LSPWA stood against this travesty in the Arizona Courts.
Peter Else discusses issues facing the San Pedro River in this presentation to the Sustainable Water Network.
We collaborate with allied partners on actions to protect the ecology and cultural heritage of the San Pedro, at a landscape scale.
Our administrative, legal and outreach efforts are wholly focused on advocacy for the protection of the San Pedro's wild landscape.
We are made up of allies, experts, activists, naturalists, artists, archaeologists, and donors, but anyone with an interest in protecting this special place is welcome to call themselves our member.
LEARN MORE AND GET INVOLVED BY JOINING TODAY